log F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k

Second, we measure ining how likelihood of hukou intermarriage changes that have per spouse's degree (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), and we then consider type inside markets change among them cities.

diary F cijkl = Picture dos + ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants' and locals' likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses' educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses' educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Abilities

Detailed results in Table step one reveal hukou area pairings from spouses by the city. Inside Shanghai, on 47% from small-census was in fact contracted ranging from a couple migrants; for the Shenzhen, one to fee was over 70%. On 38% away from marriage ceremonies inside it two local partners inside Shanghai, whereas fifteen% away from marriage ceremonies got a couple of regional partners within the Shenzhen. Obviously, anybody had a tendency to marry within their hukou reputation classification both in urban centers. In both towns, marriages anywhere between a local spouse and a migrant partner had been much probably be than marriages between an effective migrant husband and you can a city spouse to occur (13% against. 3% inside Shanghai and you can eleven% compared to. 4% from inside the Shenzhen). The percentage of hukou locality homogamy is comparable regarding the a couple of metropolises. Yet, we would like to translate the outcome which have alerting, while the share out of migrants differs during these a couple of metropolitan areas. New relative sized migrants and you may natives brings structural marital possibilities for those to get prospective partners and in the end ). Log-linear research allows us to see the level of hukou homogamy, internet of your compositional outcomes, by the dealing with to have marginal distributions regarding hukou updates.

Dining table 1.

I earliest expose the new withdrawals from knowledge attainment to possess migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you can local wives into the each urban area, respectively, inside Shape step one . Typically, migrants was smaller educated than simply residents, irrespective of gender, in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Among migrants, men are finest knowledgeable than tavata sinkku viehättäviä naisia simply feamales in both Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. Conversely, among neighbors, the brand new gender pit from inside the knowledge was possibly quick if not reversed: regional men normally are merely somewhat better knowledgeable than simply their women alternatives during the Shenzhen, and you can regional women typically be more knowledgeable than its male equivalents during the Shanghai. Log-linear activities manage to your knowledge inequalities anywhere between everyone and you may anywhere between neighbors and you may migrants to capture the new relationships between spouses' degree and anywhere between academic and you may hukou area assortative mating, internet of your marginal distributions out of spouses' faculties.